While New England may be the smallest region of the United States, it boasts a diverse range of cultures, economies, landscapes and people. The neighboring states of Massachusetts and Connecticut, which have the highest populations in the region, are frequently compared to each other given their proximity.

As someone who was born in Connecticut and moved to Massachusetts later in life, I am one of many transplants who chose to leave one state for the other. Whether you live in either state currently or want to move to New England for the first time, you might be wondering how these two states compare. Let’s take a look at the numbers.

Since its founding, Massachusetts has held the title of most populous state in New England. Connecticut has remained a close second, but in recent years, Massachusetts’ population size has been increasing faster than that of its neighbor. From 2010 to 2020, the Massachusetts population increased by 7.40% while Connecticut’s only increased by less than 1%.

While Connecticut did see an influx of new residents during the COVID-19 pandemic, the state is still seeing a decline in overall population growth. Hartford, the capital, ranked eighth in the top 10 areas people are leaving according to Redfin data from Oct. to Dec. 2025. Notably, a good number of those people may be moving to Boston, Massachusetts. As you can see below, most people are moving to Boston from New York and Hartford. 

One thing is for sure: people are not moving from Hartford to Boston for the cheaper rent. The median rent prices in Massachusetts still significantly surpass those in Connecticut, although the state’s higher median household income may reflect higher-paying jobs that make up for the cost of housing. 

Many people move to Massachusetts for its educational opportunities and access to high-quality healthcare. The Greater Boston area is home to over 50 different colleges and universities, and Massachusetts was ranked number one in a recent national education assessment. The state ranks first among U.S. states for overall health system performance.

While Connecticut is right behind Massachusetts in education and healthcare, the state stands out for its safe and charming suburban towns. Plus, living in Connecticut offers residents a more slow-paced environment while still allowing easy access to nearby major metropolitan areas like Boston and New York. 

While Massachusetts outpaces Connecticut in terms of population growth–and has been attracting more Connecticut transplants like myself–both states offer quintessential New England culture and landscapes. The neighboring states share a common love of Dunkin’ Donuts coffee and coastal summers, as well as a shared grit during the snowy winter months.

How well do you know Massachusetts and Connecticut? Take the quiz below to find out.